Many groups are designed to target a specific problem, such as depression, obesity, panic disorder, social anxiety, chronic pain, or substance abuse. Other groups focus more generally on improving social skills, helping people deal with a range of issues such as anger, shyness, loneliness, and low self-esteem. For example, a course may teach people with anxiety how to use breathing techniques to stop panic attacks. Other types of group therapy include weekly or even daily meetings. The same people may attend each session, or the participants may vary.

Cognitive behavioral therapy is the most common form of therapy and has seen the most success since it helps people to re-examine their thoughts and engage in exercises that promote a more positive way of viewing their feelings and thoughts. Group therapy uses techniques similar to those of individual psychotherapy but requires therapists to manage group dynamics. In particular, therapists and clients must work together to establish safety, respect, honesty, privacy, and dedication within the group.